Physics Lover

December 19, 2018,  Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Hybrid quantum-classical spin system. Credit: Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Physicists from Skoltech have invented a new method for calculating the dynamics of large quantum systems. Underpinned by a combination of quantum and classical modeling, the method has been successfully applied to nuclear magnetic resonance in solids. The results of the study were published in  Physical Review B . Physical objects around us consist of atoms which, in turn, are made up of negatively charged electrons and positively charged nuclei. Many of atomic nuclei are magnetic – they can be thought of as tiny magnets, which can get excited by an oscillating  magnetic field . This phenomenon known as " nuclear magnetic resonance " (NMR) was discovered in the first half of the 20 th century. Five Nobel prizes have been awarded since then, first for the discovery and then for various applications of NMR—magnetic reso...

December 19, 2018,  Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Hybrid quantum-classical spin system. Credit: Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Physicists from Skoltech have invented a new method for calculating the dynamics of large quantum systems. Underpinned by a combination of quantum and classical modeling, the method has been successfully applied to nuclear magnetic resonance in solids. The results of the study were published in  Physical Review B . Physical objects around us consist of atoms which, in turn, are made up of negatively charged electrons and positively charged nuclei. Many of atomic nuclei are magnetic – they can be thought of as tiny magnets, which can get excited by an oscillating  magnetic field . This phenomenon known as " nuclear magnetic resonance " (NMR) was discovered in the first half of the 20 th century. Five Nobel prizes have been awarded since then, first for the discovery and then for various applications of N...

So what is dark energy?  Well, the simple answer is that we don't know. It seems to contradict many of our understandings about the way the universe works. We all know that light waves, also called radiation, carry energy. You feel that energy the moment you step outside on a hot summer day. Einstein's famous equation, E = mc 2 , teaches us that matter and energy are interchangeable, merely different forms of the same thing. We have a giant example of that in our sky: the Sun. The Sun is powered by the conversion of mass to energy. SOMETHING FROM NOTHING Could dark energy show a link between the physics of the very small and the physics of the large? But energy is supposed to have a source — either matter or radiation. The notion here is that space, even when devoid of all matter and radiation, has a residual energy. That "energy of space," when considered on a cosmic scale, leads to a force that increases the expansion of the universe. Perhaps dark energy results fro...

So what is dark energy?  Well, the simple answer is that we don't know. It seems to contradict many of our understandings about the way the universe works. We all know that light waves, also called radiation, carry energy. You feel that energy the moment you step outside on a hot summer day. Einstein's famous equation, E = mc 2 , teaches us that matter and energy are interchangeable, merely different forms of the same thing. We have a giant example of that in our sky: the Sun. The Sun is powered by the conversion of mass to energy. SOMETHING FROM NOTHING Could dark energy show a link between the physics of the very small and the physics of the large? But energy is supposed to have a source — either matter or radiation. The notion here is that space, even when devoid of all matter and radiation, has a residual energy. That "energy of space," when considered on a cosmic scale, leads to a force that increases the expansion of the universe. Perhaps...

1) Particles are waves, and vice versa . Quantum physics tells us that every object in the universe has both particle-like and wave-like properties. It's not that everything is really waves, and just sometimes looks like particles, or that everything is made of particles that sometimes fool us into thinking they're waves. Every object in the universe is a new kind of object-- call it a "quantum particle" that has some characteristics of both particles and waves, but isn't really either. Quantum particles behave like particles, in that they are discrete and (in principle) countable. Matter and energy come in discrete chunks, and whether you're trying to locate an atom or detect a photon of light, you will find it in one place, and one place only. Quantum particles also behave like waves, in that they show effects like diffraction and interference. If you send a beam of electrons or a beam of photons through a narrow slit, they will spread out on the far side. I...

1) Particles are waves, and vice versa . Quantum physics tells us that every object in the universe has both particle-like and wave-like properties. It's not that everything is really waves, and just sometimes looks like particles, or that everything is made of particles that sometimes fool us into thinking they're waves. Every object in the universe is a new kind of object-- call it a "quantum particle" that has some characteristics of both particles and waves, but isn't really either. Quantum particles behave like particles, in that they are discrete and (in principle) countable. Matter and energy come in discrete chunks, and whether you're trying to locate an atom or detect a photon of light, you will find it in one place, and one place only. Quantum particles also behave like waves, in that they show effects like diffraction and interference. If you send a beam of electrons or a beam of photons through a narrow slit, they will spread out on the far s...

Before we move on we have to know whats matter is made up of. whats matter?  matter is something which occupies space it may be liquid,solid or gas anything Universe is mainly made up of 3 types of matter: so most of the universe is made of three types of matter i.e  Dark energy,Dark matter and Normal matter credits: NASA/ESA when we burn a piece of paper wha happens 1.The atoms of molecules combine to release energy which is in the form of light and heat 2.The carbon and hydrogen in the paper combine with the oxygen in the air to form co2 and so here the solid elements carbon and hydrogen converts in to gaseous state by reacting with oxygen and released in the atmosphere 3.Thus we think that the mass or energy of the paper or anything which is burnt is reduced but actuall not.    How is the question? If we can get back the gaseous carbon which is converted and weigh with ashes of the paper then its the same mass which is equals to the paper prior to burning Thus i...

Before we move on we have to know whats matter is made up of. whats matter?  matter is something which occupies space it may be liquid,solid or gas anything Universe is mainly made up of 3 types of matter: so most of the universe is made of three types of matter i.e  Dark energy,Dark matter and Normal matter credits: NASA/ESA when we burn a piece of paper wha happens 1.The atoms of molecules combine to release energy which is in the form of light and heat 2.The carbon and hydrogen in the paper combine with the oxygen in the air to form co2 and so here the solid elements carbon and hydrogen converts in to gaseous state by reacting with oxygen and released in the atmosphere 3.Thus we think that the mass or energy of the paper or anything which is burnt is reduced but actuall not.    How is the question? If we can get back the gaseous carbon which is converted and weigh with ashes of the paper then its the same mass which is equals to the pap...

In brief, the main difference between quantum and classical physics is the difference between a ramp and a staircase. In classical mechanics, events (in general) are continuous, which is to say they move in smooth, orderly and predicable patterns. Projectile motion is a good example of classical mechanics. Or the colors or the rainbow, where frequencies progress continuously from red through violet. Events, in other words, proceed incrementally up a ramp. In quantum mechanics, events (in particular) are unpredictable, which is to say "jumps" occur that involve seemingly random transitions between states: hence the term "quantum leaps". Moreover a quantum leap is an all or nothing proposition, sort of like jumping from the roof of one building onto another. You either make it or you break it! Events in the quantum world, in other words, jump from one stair to the next and are seemingly discontinuous Electrons, for example, transition between energy levels in an atom ...

In brief, the main difference between quantum and classical physics is the difference between a ramp and a staircase. In classical mechanics, events (in general) are continuous, which is to say they move in smooth, orderly and predicable patterns. Projectile motion is a good example of classical mechanics. Or the colors or the rainbow, where frequencies progress continuously from red through violet. Events, in other words, proceed incrementally up a ramp. In quantum mechanics, events (in particular) are unpredictable, which is to say "jumps" occur that involve seemingly random transitions between states: hence the term "quantum leaps". Moreover a quantum leap is an all or nothing proposition, sort of like jumping from the roof of one building onto another. You either make it or you break it! Events in the quantum world, in other words, jump from one stair to the next and are seemingly discontinuous Electrons, for example, transition between energy levels in ...

The 2016 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded October 7, 2016, to Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, who became president in 2010 and signed a historic peace deal with FARC rebel leader Rodrigo Londono in September. The deal was hailed as an end to 52 years of war, which has cost the lives of at least 220,000 Colombians and displaced close to 6 million people. It also provided a pathway for FARC to disarm and become a political party. Although the peace deal was rejected at a referendum by a tiny margin of 50.23% to 49.76%, both sides have said they will try to salvage the accord. The prize worth 8 million Swedish crowns ($930,000) was announced at the Norwegian Nobel Institute and will be presented in Oslo on December 10. The Norwegian Nobel Committee each year awards the Nobel Peace Prize "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresse...

The 2016 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded October 7, 2016, to Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, who became president in 2010 and signed a historic peace deal with FARC rebel leader Rodrigo Londono in September. The deal was hailed as an end to 52 years of war, which has cost the lives of at least 220,000 Colombians and displaced close to 6 million people. It also provided a pathway for FARC to disarm and become a political party. Although the peace deal was rejected at a referendum by a tiny margin of 50.23% to 49.76%, both sides have said they will try to salvage the accord. The prize worth 8 million Swedish crowns ($930,000) was announced at the Norwegian Nobel Institute and will be presented in Oslo on December 10. The Norwegian Nobel Committee each year awards the Nobel Peace Prize "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace c...

Dr. Yellapragada Subba Row  (1895–1948) was worth not just one, but arguably 4 Nobel Prizes. His work includes: Discovery of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) as the primary source of energy in the cell Based on Lucy Wills’ work, he synthesized Folic acid (Vitamin B9) He synthesized Methotrexate - still used as a chemotherapy agent for Cancer (with Sidney Farber) Hetrazan for Filariasis, and A broad spectrum tetracycline antibiotic Aureomycin (with Benjamin Duggar) Each one of the aforementioned is Nobel-worthy and he might very well have won it for Aureomycin, had he not died young (at 53). He was also well known for his humility in not claiming intellectual rights, even as others would claim credit and went onto win the Nobel. Dr. Subba Rao is a remarkable human being as Doron Antrim writes " You've probably never heard of Dr. Yellapragada Subbarao. Yet because he lived, you may be alive and are well today. Because he lived, you may live longer. " Personal Note: I am especia...